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Japanese uses two phonetic scripts, Hiragana and Katakana. Together, we call them Kana.
Hiragana and Katakana are both pronounced the same, but they are written differently. Hiragana is usually used for writing native Japanese words and particles, whereas Katakana is usually used for foreign words.
Both scripts use diacritics, which are the little symbols that look like either a quotation mark or a circle on the top right of the kana. Diacritics change how the kana is pronounced. Try it youself by clicking on a diacritic symbol on the bottom right of the chart.
Clicking on a kana will also play the audio for how it's pronounced.
Enjoy!